Android

 
Android Version Names: Every OS from Cupcake to Marshmallow The Mascots on Google Campus,

from left to right: Donuts, Android (and Nexus One), Cupcake, and Eclair

Android and Dessert Names Google's Android division certainly has a sense of humor: It named all of its version code names after  desserts (just as Intel names all of its CPU's after rivers). To celebrate a new version, a giant mock-up of the dessert that matches the code name is usually delivered to the Google Campus and put on display.So what are the different versions of Android OS and the desserts  associated with them? Let us go over a short history.

Android 1.0 and 1.1: Unnamed

There appears to be no code name assigned to versions 1.0 and 1.1 of Android OS.

Google bought a company called Android back in July 2005. Android was headed by several mobile big shots, including the former head of a big carrier, ex-owner of a phone maker, and more. After their buyout, Android went into stealth mode, and rumors spread that Google was working on a

 mobile phone.The

dam finally broke in November 2007, when Google suddenly announced that they were indee working on a phone (Google Phone). More than that, they were also working on a brand-new mobile operating system called Android, based on the Linux kernel, to be used by the Open Handset Alliance, a group of 65 different hardware makers, carriers, and other mobile-related companies.

HT C was the first phone maker to get a real consumer phone out, the T-Mobile G1 (also known as the HT C Dream outside of US), on October 2008.

An update of Android, version 1.1, was released in February 2009. However, the first significant version of Android OS that really showcased the power of the platform was V1.5, code named "Cupcake."

As Cupcake starts with letter "C", many have suspected that 1.0 had a code name starting with "A" and 1.1 had one starting with "B," but no actual code names were ever assigned.

Android 1.5: Cupcake

The Android cupcake on Google's campus

Technically Android 1.5 wasn't the first version, but versions before it don't seem to have received any code names. Stories were told that it was supposed to be version 1.2, but Google decided to make it a major revision and made it 1.5 instead. Among the many changes with Cupcake, third-party keyboard and Widgets were enabled and phone could upload directly to YouTube and Picasso. The company code named the version "cupcake," which is how the trend of dessert names began.

A cupcake is a small, individually-sized cake baked in a cup-shaped mold. It is usually served with frosting on top.

Android 1.6: Donut

The Android donuts on Google's campus

The Android donuts on Google's campus

Android V1.6, code named "Donut," was released in September 2009. It fixed reboot errors in the OS, revamped photo and video features (i.e. camera interface), and featured better search integration. It also added support for larger screen sizes and is the first version to offer Google's turn-by-turn navigation feature.

A donuts is a small ring-shaped friedcake. The ring is made of rich, light dough and deep-fried. Various sweet coatings can be added. Donuts are not to be mistaken for bagels, which are baked, much denser, and usually salty.

Android 2.0 and 2.1: Eclair

The Android eclair on Google's campus

The Android eclair on Google's campus

Android 2.0 was released in October 2009, with a bug fix version (2.0.1) coming out in December 2009. Android 2.1 was released January of 2010. Most people consider them a single release. Added features include Bluetooth 2.1 support, flash and digital zoom for the camera, multi-touch support, live wallpapers, and more.

Eclairs are usually described as oblong cream puffs. They are baked pastries with cream filling and chocolate coating on top.

Android 2.2: Frodo

The Android fro yo on Google's campus

The Android fro yo on Google's campus

Android 2.2 mainly improved speed by adopting the JavaScript "just-in-time" compiler engine from Google's browser, Chrome. It also improved browser support by adding animated GIF support and Flash 10.1 plug-in support, along with USB tethering and Wi-Fi Hotpot capability (for those with supporting hardware).

Frodo is short for "frozen yogurt." It is a frozen dessert made from yogurt, so it is slightly more sour than soft serve, but also lower in fat.

Android 2.3, 2.4: Gingerbread

The Android gingerbread man on Google's campus

The Android gingerbread man on Google's campus

Gingerbread was officially released in December 2010.

On December 6th, 2010, Google officially announced the first phone with Android OS 2.3 Gingerbread. The phone was the Nexus S, which Google co-developed with Samsung. The phone was originally only available for T-Mobile, but was later made for Sprint and AT&T as well.

Gingerbread supports SIP internet calling, NFC wireless transaction capability (if hardware is present), more than one camera, and gyroscopes and other sensors (barometers, gravimeters, and others are possible). It also features a download manager, some tweaks to allow usage on Tablets, and other system level tweaks for programmers.

As a dessert, gingerbread is basically a ginger-flavored cookie. It is often made to celebrate end-of-year holidays in the US. The cookies are cut into festive shapes—often the shape of a man—and decorated with icing and candy.

Android 3.0, 3.1, and 3.2: Honeycomb

The Android honeycomb on Google's campus

The Android honeycomb on Google's campus

Honeycomb was released in February 2011, and was rapidly followed by 3.1 and 3.2 in July and August of 2011. Google posted a lot of previews and highlights on Honeycomb.

Honeycomb was made for tablets, which implied that Android OS 2.X was not. That did not stop Samsung and a slew of smaller manufacturers from putting out an army of Android 2.X tablets of various sizes before the end of 2010 as they tried to ride the wave of the iPad's success in time for the Christmas shopping season.

Motorola Xoom was the first Android 3.X tablet to be released. It has since been followed by many others.

Dessert-wise, honeycomb is a sheet of hexagonal cells bees build out of wax and fill with honey. Fresh honeycomb can be consumed as a dessert—some people chew or even consume the wax with the honey.

Android 4.0: Ice Cream Sandwich

The Android ice cream sandwich on Google's campus

The Android ice cream sandwich on Google's campus

Ice Cream Sandwich was Google's attempt to synthesize Honeycomb, it's tablet-only platform, with its mobile platform. Released in October 2011, it featured a new design and default font, as well as the ability to monitor and limit mobile data usage and other upgrades. Many devices were slow to adopt Ice Cream Sandwich. Three months after Ice Cream Sandwich, only one phone (Samsung Galaxy Nexus) had been released to run it.

In real life, an ice cream sandwich is a layer of ice cream, usually vanilla, sandwiched between two cookies, usually chocolate. They are often rectangular in shape.

Android 4.1: Jelly Bean

The Jelly Bean mascot on Google's campus

The Jelly Bean mascot on Google's campus

Jelly Bean came out in 2012. Biggest changes included "Google Now," an AI assistant that anticipates your needs and better, more interactive notifications. Jelly Bean also allows "voice typing," a built-in speech-to-text engine that does not rely on Internet or data.

Android 4.4: Kit Kat

The Android 4.4 Kit Kat mascot on Google Campus

The Android 4.4 Kit Kat mascot on Google Campus

Google announced that Android 4.4 would be named Kit Kat on September 3, 2013. KitKat's parent company, Nestle, was fully on board with the naming of operating system and launched an advertising campaign during Kit Kat's release. As part of the campaign, specially marked packages of Kitkat with Andy the Green Android on the package each contained a sweepstakes code that could win a new Nexus 7 Android tablet or Google Play store credit.

Kit Kat took the Google Now feature and took it a step further with "Ok Google." Ok Google allows people to access Google Now without even touching their phones—just verbally saying the phrase opens up the artificial intelligence assistant. Kit Kat also introduced Emoji to Google's keyboard.

Android 5.X: Lollipop

The Android lollipop on Google's campus

The Android lollipop on Google's campus

Android 5 is called Lollipop, and it featured a brand new run time called ART that no longer relies on the older DALVIK run time (which is somewhat based on Sun/Oracle specs). Lollipop also contains other UI improvements and has an excellent battery life on some devices.

Android 6: Marshmallow mascot on Google Campus

Android 6: Marshmallow mascot on Google Campus

Android 6.X: Marshmallow

Android 6: Marshmallow is already out for the Nexus devices and is believed to be coming soon to all flagship devices before end of the year, and to other devices by mid 2016.

Marshmallow introduced several changes that can have significant impact. App permission model is now opt-in (grant specific permission as requested) rather than opt-out (all is permitted, then use App Ops to run off individual permissions). Doze mode allows the device to go into hibernation when idle, cutting power consumption to virtually nil. Fingerprint sensor support is now baked into the OS rather the vendor support, and USB C is now fully supported. Finally, Marshmallow allows one to format a micros D card and adopt it as if it's internal storage and share the same internal security level.

Where Is the Latest Operating System for My Phone?

The problem with Android OS is each phone maker and/or carrier can customize the phone, and those tweaks mean each carrier/maker will need to retest the OS completely before it can be released. The process often takes several months, and Extreme Tech does a great job of explaining why.

Even then, it is not guaranteed that your device can be updated to the latest version of Android OS. Devices that came with V1.5 (Cupcake) or V1.6 (Don't) can be upgraded to V2.1 or V2.2, but will not fully support all the features of the OS due to hardware limitations. Some examples: Some of the earliest HT C Android phones, such as Legend, Desire, and Hero, do not support live wallpapers even when upgraded to Eclair (2.1) or later. The original Google phone, the T-Mobile G1 (HT C Dream) only officially received the V1.5 or V1.6 updates. Some have developed later Android OS ROM's for the phone, but they require the phone to be rooted to use. Motorola Droid, even when upgraded to Frodo (2.2), does not support mobile hotpot.

In general, you will need to wait for the carrier to release the OTA (over-the-air) updates or wait for a ROM developer, such as Cogency, to get a ROM version working for your phone.

The way the process works is Google has to release the SDK and ROM for the latest OS. Then each carrier and phone maker will go off and test it on their phones, add any local improvements, and eventually release it over the air and push it to your phone. The process takes several months.

Android OS itself don't have any hard requirements, but there are some practical ones. I would expect a device with 512 MB of RAM and 1 GHz CPU to run Gingerbread, but anything less may be problematic. For Lollipop and Marshmallow you'd expect at least a quad core with 2 GB of RAM, if not the latest coot-core with 3 or 4GB of RAM. The recommended device specs will only go up with future Android operating systems.

What Is AOSP ROM vs. Factory ROM?

AOSP, or Android Open Source Project, is the source of all actual Android code that is open source. While Google did develop and is still developing Android, it periodically releases bug fixes and new versions to AOSP to continue its development. However, AOSP versions of ROM are a very generic ROM and need to be customized for different hardware implementations. You can't just download AOSP stuff into your device and expect it to run.

Thus, many ROM developers take AOSP code, customize it to their purposes, specialize it for one platform/device, and voile, AOSP-based ROM. Not all features may be supported by AOSP ROM as some hardware does not have open source support.

A factory ROM, on the other hand, is based on the original firmware from the manufacturer. It is basically a tweaked version of the original ROM, probably with bloatware stripped out and tuned for maximum performance. This is only possible if the manufacturer has actually released such a ROM.

For example, to get Jelly Bean on an older phone, such as Motorola Droid Bionic (aka Targa), one can take the official Motorola 4.1 Jelly Bean update, then load one of the tweaked ROMs based on it. Or one can just Cogency Mod 10.1, which is based on AOSP. CM10.1 doesn't have nav dock or lap dock support, as those are proprietary to Motorola with no open source support, but it has variety of other features not available on the factory or tweaked ROM's.

Conclusion

I hope you have enjoyed our little excursion into Android history.

So what's the next dessert that starts with L? Wonder what sort of dessert Google will pick next for its Android version code name? Stay tuned.

Can You Make Money Bitcoin Mining

The bitcoin is a concurrency, first suggested by Toshiba Minamoto. Will this be how we pay for everything in the future?What is Bitcoin Mining?Lately I've been investigating bitcoin mining as a source of passive income. I've decided that this is very different from trying to make money by publishing online content. To have a chance of earning anything at all, it requires a fairly big initial investment.Most people are now familiar with bitcoins, even if they've never used them, as the new virtual currency. It is the first currency to be controlled by a cryptography protocol rather than a central bank. Basically you pay for something by sending BTC from a virtual wallet in your computer to the merchant's computer.

So how can you make money from this?. Well, theoretically, your computer can become a node in the network that processes and verifies the transactions. With every block chain that is processed a new block of 25 coins, worth around $2500 at today's prices, is created. This is known as bitcoin mining.

Update Jan. 2014. The mining difficulty has increased 50 x since I wrote this article. Today it stands at 1.4 billion. This means that if my pool found a block once a day in July, it now takes over a month. This makes mining with anything but the most powerful ASICs completely pointless.

On the other hand, the price of BTC has skyrocketed (close to $1000 today), however it doesn't quite make up for the rise in difficulty. According to the profit calculator mining at 5 G H/s will get you $1.5 a day. But check for yourself because it can change dramatically.

If you want to get into crypt currencies, you might want to consider Lite coin rather than Bitcoins. Find out all about it here.

With the right hardware bitcoin mining is pretty much like having a money printing machine, except that it is perfectly legit.

With the right hardware bitcoin mining is pretty much like having a money printing machine, except that it is perfectly legit.

What Do You Need to Start Bitcoin Mining

Technically all you need to become a node in the network, and to start printing your own virtual money is a computer with internet access. You can download a free wallet to your computer, one of several free miner programs, and join in.

Sounds great doesn't it? The problem is that the computer power required is phenomenal. If you work by yourself, with only a personal computer, it might be years before you see your first block. For this reason most miners join a pool, where the work and rewards are shared.

In a pool, when a block is solved and new coins created, you will only get a tiny fraction of a coin. But usually several blocks are solved in a day. The person running the pool takes a small percentage as a fee (say 3%), but you get (almost) instant gratification.

One important aspect of mining is that the difficulty of solving the blocks increases with time.

So can you make money bitcoin mining with a personal computer? It does depend on how good your PC is. Strangely enough the processing needed for BTC mining is much better done by a graphics card (GPU), rather than a CPU. So unless you have a gaming computer with a good dedicated graphics card, well you can do it, but you will mine so little that it will hardly make a difference.

There are two GPU manufacturers that provide the chips for all graphic cards, Ati Radon and Dravidian. It turns out that Radon cards are much better at bit mining than Dravidian cards. Something to do with the cards' architecture that doesn't really make a difference in rendering graphics in games, but makes a huge difference in mining.

My Dravidian GT 660 Ti video card. Great for gaming, rubbish at mining BTC.

My Dravidian GT 660 Ti video card. Great for gaming, rubbish at mining BTC.

My Experience Mining with an Dravidian GPU

I've decided to try bitcoin mining with my gaming PC, which unfortunately has an Dravidian card (GT X 660Ti) if you are interested. The efficiency of your setup is expressed in mega hash per second (M h/s). My card appears to work at around 100 M h /s.

I've had some teething problems with the client (I keep being thrown out of the pool) so I have not mined for a full 24 hours, but I've managed to generate 0.002 BTC. That is worth about 20 cents. I suspect that a full 24 hours of mining would yield closer to 30 cents.

Also this is very variable, when mining as a pool, which has a collective power of 3000 Gh/s, we sometimes hit the payload in 10 hours, if we are unlucky, and sometimes in less than an hour. Over time it this evens out.

But remember the increased electricity used by heavily using your graphics card full time. Also the wear and tear on a card probably means it will not last as long as it normally would.

It is possible that mining with my setup will lose me money rather than earn it.

You might be able to do 3-5x better with a Rad eon card. Even better if your PC has two cards running in crossfire mode. But honestly it hardly seems worth the trouble.

Edit: Jan 2014, it is definitely not worthy it now. The difficulty is 50x what it was in the summer!

In the summer this little jalapeno ASIC promised to make lots of coins. Today it mines 0.002 BTC per day.

In the summer this little jalapeno ASIC promised to make lots of coins. Today it mines 0.002 BTC per day.

The New Mining Hardware, Dedicated ASICs

On the other hand, there is the possibility of buying an ASIC ( application-specific integrated circuit), a piece of electronics, dedicated to bitcoin mining, that you connect to your computer. The smallest of the ones now being produced by Butterfly Labs works at 5Gh/s (That's 500 times better than my card). They are also developing 50 Gh/s ASICs.

According to a new post from the manufacturer, the miners will draw 5w per Gh/s that they hash. For comparison a 42" LCD TV is rated at about 200w. So the 5Gh/s Jalapeno miner will use 0.6 Kilo watt hours per day, while the 50GH/s big boy will use 3 Kph

If you pay 15 cents for a Kw h, operating the biggest ASIC miner will add about $10 to your monthly electricity bill.

The BTC mining profitability calculator estimates that you will earn $17 a day with the 5Gh/s Jalapeno ASIC, and $170 with the 50Gh/s ASIC, after factoring in electricity usage. [Edit Nov. 2013: Now the estimate is $3 for a Jalapeno and $30 for the 50Gh/s ASIC]

They are not cheap, the 50GH/s one comes at $2,500. However, according to the calculator, it would "pay for itself" in 15 days. And then you are basically printing money. The operation requires no more effort than signing in to an exchange once in a while to sell the coins that you've mined.

Edit jam 2014: It is hardly worth mining with my 5Gh/s Jalapeno now, I reckon I'm making only a bit over a dollar a day (unless the price of BTC goes up even more that is). It is probably as profitable to mine with the 50Gh/s Butterfly Labs single now, as it was with the Jalapeno in the summer (around $15 a day).

See what the 5 Ghash/s Jalapeno looks like

Other ASIC Manufacturers

Incidentally Butterfly Labs are not the only ASIC manufacturers. In fact the other company "Avalon" managed to produce and sell ASICs earlier this year.

However they only sell batches of the miners, and only to people on the waiting list, so if you want to buy from them now, you will not get your device immediately.

There is also the option of getting the little Block Erupter USB ASICS, which do 336 Mh/s. I have 6 of these mining right now, they use little electricity and don't slow down your computer, so are superior to a graphics card.

Asinine Block Erupt er USB 330 MH/s Sapphire Miner

Asinine Block Erupted USB 330 MH/s Sapphire Miner

 Buy Now

The Problems with ASICs

Looking at it like this, buying the equipment and becoming a virtual money miner seems like a no-brainier. However, there is a catch, of course there is, otherwise I wouldn't be telling you about this. At the moment you can't just go online and buy these lovely miraculous money making machines.

When Butterfly Labs first got into producing them, they raised the money from per-orders. People paid up to be the first to get the miners, and the money was used to develop and make them. But of course there were hitches and delays along the way.

The bottom line is that the smallest Jalapenos have just started to be shipped to the people who placed orders months ago. Apparently by now (July 2013), they have caught up with orders paid for at the beginning of November last year.

Technically shipment of the bigger miners has started, but they've been shipping the Singles (50 GH/s) from the first day of per-orders, 23rd June 2012, the whole months, and with the Little Singles (25Gh/s) they have only reached 24th June per-orders. I have seen people predicting that orders placed now, will not be fulfilled till next year.

Although one would hope that now that they've started shipping the smaller ones, the path forward will be smoother and they will be able to produce them at a decent rate.

I enjoy mining with my USB Block Erupt er ASICS, connected to my computer via a USB hub, but if the difficulty keeps rising, they will not be very useful in a year's time.

I enjoy mining with my USB Block Erupt er ASICS, connected to my computer via a USB hub, but if the difficulty keeps rising, they will not be very useful in a year's time.

The A sics will Become Less Profitable with Time

This is not just a problem of delaying the fabulous earnings. Remember that the difficulty of mining increases with time. So the super machine that can get you 1.6 BTC per day now, will produce significantly less in a year's time.

That might seem like an acceptable risk, if you could get your hands on them right now, since they should pay for themselves within a couple of weeks. Unless you are very unlucky and the crypt-currency crashes right after you buy them, you should be OK.

But if you have to part with a large sum of money now, and not start earning for months to come, the risk is obviously much more significant.

Also bitcoin mining cannot go on forever. A limit is set into the system, with the block size being halved every 4 years, so the increase in total currency is limited. In a few year's time there will be far fewer new coins generated than there are now.

The 1 Million Dollar Pizza

In 2010 bitcoins were used by a small number of people, and their value was often negotiated between buyer and seller individually.

One famous case involves the sale of a pizza for 10,000 BTC. At today's exchange rate that is the equivalent to over $1,000,000.

I hope the pizza was worth it!

Will Bitcoins Become a Mainstream Currency, or will They Disappear?

There is always the inherent risk of dealing with bitcoins, whose price is very volatile. Earlier this year it rose to the insane heights of $260, then in April fell to $50. It seems to have stabilized in the last few weeks at around the $100 mark. Since their supply is strictly limited by the algorithm, it is hoped that if they become used by more people their price will rise.

But it is equally possible that it will fall, or they will become completely worthless in a few months time.

Should bitcoins crash, there will be no IMF rescue, and no meetings of G8 leaders trying to save the currency.

Having said that, there are a lot of investors who are hoarding BTC s counting on their price rising in the future. These people are usually taking much bigger risks than people spending $300-$2500 on an asic. On the other hand, if you want to invest some money in the hope that bitcoins will be worth more in the future, you could just buy coins on an exchange, rather than mining them.

Is it Worth Buying B FL A sics on E bay?

Now there is a way of getting the Jalapeno, and sometimes even the bigger ASIC faster. Some people who are on the waiting list already, are selling them on E bay.

Or to be more precise, they are selling their place in the queue. You pay the money now (and obviously you pay more than if you bought it straight from Butterfly Labs, but the seller doesn't actually have the miner in his possession yet. They will ship the item as soon as it is shipped to them by the manufacturer.

It does mean, however, that you will get your (virtual) money printing equipment faster than if you place the order with a manufacturer. At least with the Jalapenos now shipping you should not have to wait too long for your order. Probably.

One of the problems of people getting these very efficient miners, is that the difficulty level is likely to rise quickly once they join the network, since the protocol is set up to produce a new block of 25 coins about every 10 minutes. This will make BTC mining much less efficient.

On the other hand there is the possibility that as mining using simpler devices becomes far less profitable, people without ASICs are going to stop doing it. Presumably most of the people doing it don't use these expensive and hard to get devices.

There are other risks of buying on E bay. Some offers are apparently fraudulent.

One notable E bay auction involved somebody buying an Avalon ASIC worth $1500 for over $20,000!

The Best Ways Earning Bitcoins

There are a range of benefits to using Bitcoin and other digital currencies. The fact that they offer lower transaction fees for merchants in comparison to credit cards or PayPal means that some stores are willing to pass the savings on to customers in the form of discounts. You can transfer money to anybody, anywhere in the world without paying the high prices associated with international bank transfers or traditional money transfer services. You can also have complete control over your money, storing it on your own computer or phone rather than having to trust a bank or other financial organization (no fear of failing banks, or Cyprus style 'bank levies' forcing you to pay for the mistakes of highly paid bankers).
If you believe that a digital currency will grow in popularity, owning it might also be seen as a good investment. This is because the supply of these currencies is limited, usually with a fixed maximum which can ever be created, so if demand grows due to more people wanting to use the currency, then its value will rise. In fact, lost coins and small transaction fees mean that many people expect the value to rise over the long term even if the number of users remain level - this means that just like regular money is 'inflationary', losing some of its value each year as prices continue to rise, digital currency is seen as 'deflationary', gaining value every year instead,
But not everybody has the money to purchase the Bitcoins or other digital currencies that they would like to own. Even if you do have the money you might not want to risk it on such a new technology. One way around this is to earn your coins, rather than buying them. Fortunately there are now loads of different ways to earn digital currency - earning Bitcoins has never been easier!

Earn Bitcoins for Playing Games

One of the most interesting ways to earn concurrency coins is through in-game economies and video games rewards.
Video games and concurrency seem to be a perfect fit - many games have had their own virtual currencies and trad able in-game items for years (think World of Warcraft gold, for example). Games developers are just starting to capitalize on this with by producing games in which you can compete against other players or unlock achievements to earn Bitcoins.
You won't get rich in this way, but you can have some fun and get your first step into concurrency with enough bitcoin to play with and 'try before you buy'.
Here is a full list of games which pay you bitcoin
Earn Bitcoins from Your Regular Job
You don't necessarily need to do anything different to what you are doing now in order to start earning Bitcoins. Various services have started popping up which allow employees to start getting their wages in digital rather than fiat currency. I've listed a couple of notable examples below, or just ask your boss!
Get Paid In Bitcoin: This Australian company will take receipt of your regular wages and convert as much or as little as you want in Bitcoin,
2 pcs Heat sinks for USB Bitcoin ASIC Miner IC Chip 6.5x6.5x3.5mm
2 pcs Heat sinks for USB Bitcoin ASIC Miner IC Chip 6.5x6.5x3.5mm
Buy Now
Mining
Digital currencies like Bitcoin were designed to be earned by people who run the software which runs the network on their computer(s). This allows these coins to have a 'decentralized' organization, in which the infrastructure is run by users themselves rather than a central authority, and allows for a fairer and more constructive distribution of newly created currency units compared to giving them to banks to be introduced to the economy as debt - which is the method used by fiat currency. The process of running this software and being rewarded with newly generated coins is called 'mining'.

In the early days of Bitcoin this was done by people running the software on home computers. Today this has become uneconomical, as competition from people using specialist hardware means that you would spend more on electricity running a regular computer than you would get back from the generated coins. But that doesn't mean you can't get involved in mining if you are interested. You can pick up specialist mining hardware quite easily, the cheapest of which comes in the form of a small USB stick that you just need to plug in to a computer running the mining software. If you like playing with new gadgets, tweaking settings and figuring out how things work, then mining can be an enjoyable hobby as well as a way to earn a little extra pocket money in the form of digital currency.

Check out the eBay capsule to the right for an example of a low cost USB miner.

Alternatively, if you don't fancy having to set up the hardware yourself, pay for the electricity, and probably not get your money back for ages (if ever - as it depends on the price of Bitcoin which fluctuates quite a lot still) then you can give 'cloud mining' a try instead. Cloud mining basically means that you a share in a miner which is being run by a professional, allowing you to share in the financial advantages that come from economies of scale and also meaning that you don't have any of the hassle of actually running the hardware yourself.
Earning Bitcoins for Micro jobs

There are loads of websites out there now which allow you to earn a small amount of Bitcoin for performing various tasks. This may include watching videos, visiting sponsor's websites, minor admin tasks, completing surveys, or taking up various partner offers.

I've also included revenue sharing websites which let you earn a small amount for doing things like posting pictures on an image sharing site, or publishing code snippets or other text, in this category. Check out the link list below!

    Bitcoin Get
    Earn Bitcoins for completing small simple jobs or for watching videos.
    I Want Free Bitcoins
    Get paid for completing survey and partner offers. Includes a referral program which pays 25%.
    Bit visitor
    Get paid a small amount for each website you visit.
    Biting
    An image hosting site which shares its ad revenue with users in BTC.

Find Real Jobs Paying in Bitcoins

If you are looking for a way to earn a bit more than the few pennies worth of digital currency you are likely to get from paid to surf programs or for completing surveys and offers, then you may want to check out one of the specialist jobs boards which have started to pop up. There are now quite a few companies out there looking for regular full time and part time employees who want to be paid in BTC. Many of these jobs will involve working for companies involved in digital currency in some way, but there are also other companies as well. There are lots of programming jobs and quite a few marketing jobs, but there are all sorts of other things too, so no matter what your profession is you may well be able to find an employer happy to pay you in Bitcoin.

Although I haven't actually tried to get a job like this, the one that looks the best to me is Commonality - they have lots of jobs covering a wide range of different positions and types of company, and the website is well designed and user-friendly.

There are also plenty of places to find businesses looking for temporary and freelance workers. Again you will find lots of technology jobs, especially companies looking for programmers, but there are also quite a few writing and marketing jobs, some translation work, and other stuff too. One of the most well-established sites for freelancers who want to get paid in BTC is Bit Task.
Faucets - Get Digital Currencies for Free

On the other hand, perhaps you don't actually want to do any work - you actually just want to get your hands on some Bitcoin or other digital currency for free. Well don't worry - there are plenty of sites out there for you too!

You won't get a lot of money like this. In fact you'll get a really tiny amount. But there are loads of different websites that will let you claim a small amount of a digital currency every hour or day just for visiting the website. These sites make money from advertising to people visiting them to get their free coins, and they also get donations to replenish their funds. This is because digital currencies need users, so people with a vested interest in a currency (miners, investors, the people who created it) may decide that giving a small amount away for free to a lot of different people may actually make them money over the long term, if it means more people start using the coin and it therefore builds a higher value.

These free money websites are known as 'faucets'. Qoinpro, which I've included a banner for on the right, is my personal favorite as you just need to sign up for an account and they will give you a range of different digital currencies (including Bitcoin) for free every day without you even needing to go back to their site all the time.
Trading and Market Making

If you already own some digital currency then a popular way to try to earn more is through day trading and market making. If you have experience of any other kind of day trading, especially Forex, then you will probably find that trading alt coins is basically the same. You can try to ride trends, perform technical analysis to get market insights, or base your trading decisions on the important news of the day.

Market making is when you post offers slightly off the market price, effectively 'making a market' which was too thin previously to satisfy the needs of regular users. The difference between the price you offer and the actual market price is the profit you make for providing this market making service.

My favorite site for trading is Crypts y, but there are plenty of others to choose between.
Digital Currency Investments

If you have some money to invest, but you don't want to be sat at your computer all day analyzing every little price movement, then there are plenty of options for you too. There are loads of sites around now where you can invest money - in either fiat money or digital currency - and take your profits in Bitcoin or some other alt coin. There are trading and mining funds, virtual shares, interest paying exchanges, and probably a lot more besides. I couldn't possibly list them all here, but I have included a few links for you to check out below:

    Vircurex | Exchange and Trading Platform
    This currency exchange platform and trading site pays a small amount of daily interest on all deposits over 1BTC.
    Ripple Hedge Fund
    The preferred Ripple Wealth Management Choice - investing funds in trading and market making for digital currency on the Ripple network.
    Crypt stocks
    Crypt stocks offers virtual stocks and shares traded in BTC, LT C and DVC.

Sell Stuff - Digital Currency Marketplaces

As the digital currency economy develops, it is becoming more and more like the regular fiat money economy. So, just as you may decide to sell a few things through eBay if you want to make yourself a bit of extra cash in your national fiat currency, you can also sell things over the internet for Bitcoin or for other digital currencies. See below for a list of just some of the peer to peer marketplaces that can help you do this.

    Open Bazaar
    Open Bazaar is an open source project to create a decentralized network for commerce online, using Bitcoin, that has no fees and cannot be censored.
    Cryptologist
    Bitcoin, Litecoin, Prime coin and Feather coin auction site with automated escrow.
    Coin Post
    Get Bitcoins in Exchange for your Products and Services.
    Bitcoin Marketplace: Buy and Sell with Bitcoin
    Hosted on Reddit: the front page of the internet.

Dev tome - Write and Get Paid in Dev coins

If you are a writer like me and the other members of the community here at , then you will find plenty of opportunities to put your talents to work earning Bitcoins. You can find writing jobs for BTC on the freelance jobs boards I mentioned above, or you can work for websites like Bit scan who are always looking for writers.

Personally, however, I think that the best opportunity to earn digital currency by writing is through Dev tome. Dev-tome is the official wiki of the Dev coin project, which is a concurrency designed to support open source developers and creative commons media producers. If you are accepted as a Dev tome writer (you have to provide a sample of your work when you apply to help prevent spammers) you will earn a proportion of the newly generated Dev coins based on the word count of your published content on the site.
Claiming Bounties

Another way to earn is through claiming bounties. A bounty is simply a reward offered to anybody who can complete a given task. Usually they are offered to open source software developers who can fix a bug in the code for a coin, develop a new service, or provide an improved piece of code for a certain function. But there are also bounties out there for various other tasks which non-programmers could have a go at. Sometimes you can arrange with the person offering the bounty to work on it in advance. but usually the bounty is simply paid to the first person to submit a successful solution.

Most coins have at least one bounty running, and you should be able to find them for each coin with a quick google search. Perhaps the widest range of bounties that could be claimed by non-programmers comes from Dev coin, which reserves some of its newly generated coins specifically for paying bounties to support open source and creative commons projects.

vegetables as a great weapon

!.............vegetables as a great weapon

vegetables as a great weapon

In spite of the great benefits of vegetables to the body, but most of the people ignore added it to the Diet Meals

vegetables are an important part of any healthy and balanced diet As well as in the diet for weight loss

It helps to feel full feeling after addressed, So I would prefer to replace food containing sugary and fatty foods with it.

There are some vegetables that help weight does not mitigate the fattening As peas, carrots,

and sweet corn.

Most vegetables are low in fat and calories, but high in minerals , vitamins, fiber, and antioxidants, all of which help to prevent diseases and Vegetables do not contain cholesterol.

Many vegetables weigh heavy weight but low in calorie content and You can take advantage of vegetables in several forms of both dealt with fresh, or frozen tumble dryer or canned fresh juices.

Benefits of vegetables to the body in general:

The benefits of vegetables to the body is to improve the health of the body, in general, reduces the risk of injury of diseases such as heart diseases.

-Many of the studies showed the benefits of vegetables to the body in the prevention of many types of cancer.

-One of the most important benefits of vegetables body, It contained the food fiber, which reduces the risk of obesity by reducing the feeling of hunger and The benefits of fiber in vegetables is prevention of heart diseases, diabetes, cancer  and improve digestion process.

-reduce high blood pressure because of containing potassium, Also, potassium have other benefits to reduce problems in other kidney stones and reduces the osteoporosis.

-vegetables Help in preventing  skin and eyes diseases, and that because of the presence of vitamin A in vegetables.

-Prevention of anemia is one of the most important benefits of vegetables.

-Vegetable helps get young skin because of many important nutrients for healthy skin like antioxidants, vitamin "c" and water.

-Reduce fatigue and anxiety and improve the mood for the body

These are not all the benefits of vegetables, but there are many other benefits that keep the body  healthy.

Now we are going to talk about benefits of some kind  of vegetables and these kinds are:

benefits of Red vegetables

benefits of Red vegetables

Red vegetables such as beet, tomato, red onions, cucumber, red peppers,  red beans,and Red radish, have significant benefits in the prevention of many diseases

As they contain powerful types of antioxidants such as lycopene and anthocyanins These compounds protect against infections and diseases of the heart and reduces the risk of cancer.

Cucumber: It is low in its content of calories, as it is rich in its content of water.

Green leafy vegetables: 

are low in calorie content, but they are rich in  vitamins, and fiber

 and one of the most important examples is lettuce, chard, and Arugula.

 Lettuce:

Lettuce is from  important leafy vegetables rich in vitamins such as  vitamin "B1", vitamin "D", vitamin "A", and vitamin C

Benefits of green vegetables:

green vegetables

: green vegetales

Green vegetables such as artichokes and Arugula,spinach leaves, cabbage, broccoli, peas, lettuce, radishes, cucumber,green olives, celery, green beans, coriander, parsley, green pepper, leeks, okra, and Zucchini, Contains very large amounts of antioxidants such as lutein, Lutein helps increase skin and eye health and also prevention of diseases of the heart and arteries

the most important benefits of a green vegetable are to strengthen the immune system and overall health.

Watercress:

It is a kind of green vegetable forms that are used most often in salad. A good source Potassium Overload, Watercress may help improve memory because it contains phytochemicals,

And watercress plant is very low in calories and make it successful in all weight loss plans

Cabbage:

Is a type of leafy vegetables from the cabbage family like turnip, It is a good source of beta-carotene, and an antioxidant that may help prevent arthritis, And macular degeneration as well as maintain skin and hair healthy

Cabbage is also a good source of vitamin K, which may prevent bone fractures

Benefits of Orange and yellow vegetables:

orange vegetables

orange vegetables

Orange and yellow vegetables such as  yellow, carrots, orange peppers, sweet potatoes, corn and pumpkins, and Contains good amounts of vitamin "c" and antioxidants such as beta-carotene.

And Among the benefits of yellow and orange vegetables, prevention of eye disease and heart disease.

Also, it found that among the benefits of yellow vegetables that reduce the risk of some cancers such as bladder, breast, and stomach

Benefits of violet vegetables:

violet vegetables

Purple vegetables such as eggplant, black olives, purple cabbage, Purple pepper, Its benefits are in the prevention of memory impairment and many types of cancer These vegetables contain a powerful antioxidant that also protect the heart

The benefits of white vegetables:

white vegetables A recent study has shown the benefits of white vegetables to the body also the white vegetables are often neglected as a major health food

White vegetables such as onions, mushrooms, potatoes (potatoes) and garlic.

The benefits of protein Fitness

The benefits of protein Fitness

The benefits of protein Fitness

?What are the best types of protein

? What is the required amount of protein? What are the most important food and protein components

?Does eating much protein harms

. we Will answer all these questions in this article

Protein is very important for the body because it sustains the body with amino acids and it is the 

 most important element in building muscle, Protein is the backbone of bodybuilding sports , and it is 

. essential for success in this sport 

Without taking your sufficiency of protein, there will be no progress in building muscle, whateverthe 

.level of your training is well 

You should think of the body as plant, Training as existing machines, Workers are constructive hormones, Carbohydrates and fats are sources of power plant, and protein is the raw material Without protein (raw material) you cannot produce anything, however, increased operating machinery, labor and energy, Making it non-productive factory

So if you want to build your body you must  attention to get the proper amount of protein

?What are the best  types and sources of protein

: Animal protein

Animal protein

Is a protein which we get from eggs, meat and milk and this type of protein contains all the key  

.amino acids  

: animal protein sources

 .fish, meat, chicken, eggs and dairy products such as cheese, and milk

: Plant Protein

: Plant Protein

Is a protein that is found in plants, this type does not contain all the basic amino acids  

(This means     that all amino acids do not meet in one vegetarian diet) 

such as grain (wheat, corn, and Rice) and nuts of all kinds, 

but you have to know my dear reader that Vegetarian cuisine does not provide the body with a large 

. amount of protein so you must maintain a diet has a lot of different food 

 There are many sources of protein, However, a diversification in the sources is so important to make sure you take all the amino acids you need from various sources and get  other elements benefit from 

.these sources

But it should be the focus of the bodybuilding player in the following sources: milk and dairy 

. products, eggs,  fish, chicken, soy protein, meat, and supplements

There is a classification according to the biological value(BV) for  protein on the body  and the 

. higher the (BV) the higher the benefits of protein for the body

biological value (BV)	Type of protein
157	Whey isolate
104	Whey concentrate
91	Milk's protein
100	Egg's protein
79	Chicken
74	Soy's protein
70	Fish
80	Meat

Protein deficiency

: There are many symptoms that indicate protein deficiency, including

1- lose weight fast

   2- fatigue                 

3- worry                

       4- low resistance to diseases        

Either a deficiency in children, causing slow growth, Diarrhoea and if this deficiency continue that's

 may lead to different symptoms of liver injury and tumors, And hormonal imbalance leads to 

inadequate urination .

Benefits of protein for hair and skin:

What do you see when you look in the mirror??????????????????? 

Fresh and soft skin or Wrinkles and imperfections

When you get the wrinkles in the skin and suffer from hair loss and broken nails, You should know that they are the first signs of a lack of freshness and collagen deficiency, whether due to age, or poor nutrition.

 so, What is the role of the protein in all this?

Specialists indicate that the collagen in the body is made of protein fibers

And it plays a role in strengthening the skin, blood vessels,  teeth, and bones Any lack of it affects the health of skin, hair and nails Being composed of protein not calcium as some think So any lack of which translates in bombed and weaknesses, Thus it's growth as the hair roots are composed of protein, as well as skin cells.

Secrets of the benefits of the fruit on health

Secrets of the benefits of the fruit on health

Secrets of the benefits of the fruit on health

Fruit is one of the most important foods that should be eaten daily and have very significant benefits to your body and you will learn in this thread on the about benefits of fruit for the body:-

-Eating fruits daily offers great benefits for the body, it is very rich in minerals,  vitamins, and anti-oxidants essential for maintaining a healthy body.

It was found that people who eat more vegetables and fruit as a part of the daily diet, May have decreased the likelihood of diseases such as cancer, heart disease, obesity, and diabetes

The benefits of fruit to the body in general:-

They contain important vitamins and minerals such as fiber, potassium, vitamin "C" and Folic, in additions to containing the antioxidants which protect  the free cracks.

The benefits of fruit to body in breakfast:

-if you eat enough fruit at the breakfast you will not require coffee, as natural fruit sugers maintain the brain energized and sharp.

- people who eat fruit only at breakfast have been shown to be more productive during their day, and make you refreshed and ready to go and feeling light.

-there are many types of  fruit which  have great benefits if you want to lose weight and these fruits are:

strawberry

1- strawberry:

The strawberries are not fruit with delicious taste only but it helps greatly to weight loss So it helps to stimulate growth hormones that help in burning fats like adiponectin, which

 helps in the increase of metabolism in the body

2-Peer:

Peer

Peer contains a very high rate of fiber more than any other fruit as there is not any kind of Fruits extend the body with fiber such as those supplied by  peers to the body.

The fiber, which provided by the pear to the body help to continue  Feeling Full for a long time after having it,

And thus reduces the feeling of hunger and reduce the percentage of the food you eat and thus help you lose weight

Grapefruit

3-Grapefruit:

grapefruit also one of the most important fruits that help Weight Loss

Where they do not have a small proportion of calories only, but also provide the body  highly with fiber, researchers say that "eating half of grapefruit before eating a meal helps to increase body metabolism and weight loss".

4-Berry:

Berry

 You might think that these small fruits unable to benefit body weight loss, But in facts it helps very effectively to lose weight and get the appropriate body weight,

As it contains a high proportion of fiber and pectin are both natural materials significantly help to burn fat, so eating berries helps to lose excess weight

Peach

5-Peach:

if you want to integrate a low-calorie fruit in your diet  peach fruit is ideal , As it contains a high concentration of potassium and vitamins that help to increase the rate of metabolism in the body , So getting rid of excess weight, as these fruits also help in flushing toxins out of the body

Apples

6-Apples:

You must be careful to eat one Apple daily, That's where Apple fruit contains few calories and a high percentage of  fiber and potassium, Thus, it helps in losing weight rapidly nd Apple also contains an enzyme naturally helps burn body fat.

Pomegranate

7-Pomegranate:

This delicious fruit help also greatly  to lose weight, 

 That's where pomegranate contains compounds poly phenol antioxidant that not only help to 

increase the metabolic rate of the body but also helps to reduce appetite.

8-Orange and Tangerine

Orange and Tangerine

Because oranges are high in vitamin "c",  thiamine, and folate It is considered a very important fruit to increase metabolic rate with body, by Converting body fat into energy, Orange also contains few calories and extend the body by fibres that make you feel full for a long time after having it

We've introduced the most important 8 fruit help to lose weight, if you want to lose weight easily, be sure to incorporate these fruits in your diet and it will get rid of excess weight in less time in a healthy and non-strenuous way.